Vet News – Small Animal News

Vet NewsHarriet Woodhall is our Small Animal Vet News Editor and this month she brings you an article on a subject that is gaining more and more recognition in clinical practice: feline arthritis.

SMALL ANIMAL:

Use of Meloxicam in Feline Osteoarthritis

Harriet Woodhall (Vet News Small Animal Editor)

Osteoarthritis in catsFeline Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition in aged cats and a significant cause of chronic pain in the elbows, hips and knees. Although commonly accepted in dogs, for a while it was not thought that cats suffered from OA, causing it to be much under-diagnosed. Only now is it slowly being recognised.

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis involving the wearing of the cartilage that cushions the joint. Over time the exposed adjacent bones can rub together causing pain and reduced mobility.

At the present, diagnosis of osteoarthritis in cats is difficult due to the problems with physical examination. Much of the diagnosis has to be from relying on the owner’s observations. Clinical signs include weight loss, change in attitude, change in grooming habits and reduced mobility, among others. There have also been studies into observing radiographic changes, however these are not as severe as in dogs and some osteoarthritic cats have no observable evidence from the X-rays at all.

Scientists at the University of Montreal’s Quebec Research Group in Animal Pharmacology have completed a study that aims to improve the treatment and diagnosis of OA in cats.

In the study, 120 cats were examined and 39 were identified to have OA. Over 74 days the animals were measured for kinetic gait analysis (a way to measure limb impairment), daily activity levels (using an accelerometer) and their sensitivity to touch (withdrawal of paw after a certain amount of pressure). While on the study they were split into groups; a control group were given a placebo and the others were given different doses of Meloxicam.

Osteoarthritis in a feline elbowMeloxicam is a NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug); this class of drug is the main treatment option for many other species suffering from OA. It is also practical for administration to cats: it is palatable, can be put in food and is easy to make accurate dosing due to its liquid formulation. The reason it has not been used much for cats is due to the potential for nephrotoxicity (toxic to the kidney), as many osteoarthritic cats also experience some level of CKD (chronic kidney disease).

The study found that cats had various levels of pain relief depending on their dosages; the cats with high dosages experiencing pain relief for 5 weeks after the dosage stopped. However, as expected, the pain relief does not extend to stroking or anything that is associated with touch.

Professor Troncy explained that “the development of adapted therapy protocols to correctly treat arthritis associated chronic pain will provide a better quality of life particularly in older cats and will in turn have a direct impact on owners, as their cat will be more active and sociable.”

As pain in cats is still a developing subject, the researchers are now looking into brain scans to try and understand the theory more and specifically look into the neurophysiological hypersensitive process. Meanwhile, Meloxicam is under consideration for use in cats by the European Medicines Agency in April.

 

References:

Bennett D, Ariffin S.M.bt.Z, Johnston P. (2012) Osteoarthritis in the cat: 2. How should it be managed and treated? Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Vol 14(1) 76-84

http://jfm.sagepub.com/content/14/1/76.full.pdf+html

http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/newsevents/fdaveterinariannewsletter/ucm084115.htm

http://www.nouvelles.umontreal.ca/udem-news/news/20130219-diagnosis-and-treatment-now-possible-for-osteoarthritic-cats.html

http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130306/Drug-to-relieve-pain-of-feline-osteoarthritis-identified.aspx

 

Images:

http://www.ukvetsonline.co.uk/walton-lodge-veterinary-group?mp=359854

http://www.fabcats.org/owners/arthritis/info.html

 

Vet School Parts 1 & 2: Why you NEED these books

“Why on Earth should I buy Vet School?”

Nerdy Vet ProfileOkay, so you’ve always wanted to be a vet and know that you need to go to vet school in order to study. You may already be aware of how competitive it is to attract an offer of a place at vet school. Every year many young people just like you, all of whom would probably have made fantastic vets, fail to win a place at university to fulfil their dreams of becoming veterinarians. For some it may simply have come down to the cruel ‘numbers game’, in as much as there are only so many places available and significantly more applicants than places – they have to draw the line somewhere after all. For many, however, the chances of them having any success were slim from the start, for a number of reasons, all adding up to a below par application. It is the active pursuit of creating the very best application and ensuring you are as well prepared as you possibly can be for your application to vet school that is the raison d’être of Vet School and Vet School Success.

 

Chris ‘The Nerdy Vet’ Queen

My name is Chris and I am a vet. A number of years ago I was sat in exactly the same position as you are right now, dreaming of going to vet school and fulfilling my ultimate ambition of becoming a vet. It wasn’t particularly clear what I had to do in order to start my path to Vet School Success. There was a bit of information available from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and I called up the universities to ask them to send me their prospectuses. Aside from that it wasn’t as if the information and advice was flowing my way and no one at college or school really had any idea about what was required for a successful application to vet school, and that was even in the face of the fact that my college had a couple of students who had gone to vet school over the past few years, which is actually considerably more than most schools or colleges are usually able to boast. Anyway, I started early, completing work experience placements, reading and re-reading vet school prospectuses, keeping an eye on the news, especially for science and animal health related stories, and generally knuckling down at school to achieve the high grades that I knew were needed to get a place.

Little Advice Available

Completing my application was a bit of a hit and miss affair, and it was only by being able to look at a vet student friend’s personal statement for inspiration that I was able to pen anything worth a look. The interviews were, again, relatively nerve-wracking and although I was able to keep myself generally informed, there was no help with regard to preparing properly for interviews and no source of advice, guidance and example questions specific to veterinary.

Success!

Anywho, long story short, I received a couple of offers and selected Bristol, where I started after a last-minute decision to take a Gap Year (there is more about this decision in my personal account of applying to vet school, ‘The Nerdy Vet’s Vet School Success’, which is available through the website). Fast forward six awesome years, complete with the euphoric highs of university and vet school life and the deep chasms of dullness that accompanies exams each year, and I found myself at the end of one of the best periods in my life.

Filling a Need

I had, for a number of years, even whilst at vet school, been advising prospective students on vet school and how best to go about their applications, delivering lectures at conferences during some of my vacations, and this continued following graduation. It was in 2009 that I first decided that there was clearly a real need for an honest, reliable guide to vet school that was written from those who actually knew it best: vets like me and vet students. As such, I set about putting in print the advice that I had been honing and developing over the years, with the very first edition of Vet School the result.

Mission Accomplished

The book was a great success and the students who were fortunate enough to have the opportunity to get Vet School really gave it the big thumbs up, with many even offering to contribute to the next edition. In fact, the new books feature many profiles from vet students who, themselves, found Vet School instrumental in their own journeys to vet school success. In fact, it is this feature of the Vet School books that has been one of the most original and novel, and I know for a fact that the real-life profiles and interviews with vets and students represent one of new readers’ favourite parts of the books.

A ‘One Stop Shop’ for Vet Careers Advice

Vet School, as a concept, basically puts all of the very best advice about vet careers and successfully applying to vet school in one, or in the case of the new books, two places, answering any and all questions that you may have about how to go about getting in and training as a vet. The first and the best premier guide to vet careers and studying veterinary at university, Vet School literally is like having your own, personal career guide by your side from the start, with the sole aim of getting you into vet school.

Not ‘just another career guide’

Like many others you may have already purchased a ‘career guide on veterinary’ and be wondering what the benefits of paying more for ‘just another’ guide are, especially given that Vet School is more expensive than the other books. You’re right to ask such questions and in fact if you are the kind of person who doesn’t ask questions then being a vet might prove to be a challenge. So, what are the benefits of getting yourself a copy of Vet School, even when it means buying two books when others seem to suggest one will do? Allow me to answer such questions….

Author = Vet

For starters the book has been written by a vet (me) and as such by someone who has been where you are right now and successfully come out the other side with a vet degree – mission accomplished! So I know what I am talking about and am not just another general careers advisor. Veterinary is a unique course to apply to and it makes sense that the path to vet school is a bit unique and quite different to applying for other degree courses. I have been writing Vet School in it’s various forms for the best part of six years now and so am confident that I know what advice is needed and works. If the feedback I receive is anything to go by, anyway.

So much advice there are TWO books!

Secondly, Vet School is packed full of proven advice and tips for maximising your chances of success. In fact, it’s so jam packed with advisory gold that the decision was made to publish Vet School in two parts, so that you get to access everything without having to carry around a single book the size of an encyclopaedia! The simple truth is that I literally couldn’t, and wouldn’t, cut out any of the advice and content of the book this time as it is all, in my humble opinion, essential reading and vital to your chances of successfully applying to vet school. One of the benefits of being both author and publisher of my own book is that I get to decide what is best for my book and for you, the reader. Previously I had to edit down Vet School whereas this time I simply felt it was doing you a disservice not to offer up everything. This is, as far as I am aware, the FIRST veterinary career guide to be published in TWO parts, a bold decision that I feel strongly will strengthen the offering to you.

Choice is a good thing

Thirdly, it offers you choice. Some of you may be at the very start of your vet school journey and only really interested in learning more about how to start out, perhaps turning your thoughts to work experience. If that describes you then Vet School: Part One is going to be the book you choose. Others of you may be preparing your actual applications and preparing for interviews, or even to start vet school, in which case Vet School: Part Two is the book for you. Of course, like many people I prefer to read a book, including a series, in it’s entirety and so you may, like myself, actually elect to get both books to read them at your leisure. The key point, however, is that you have a choice whilst still being assured of having all of the information available – how many career guides honestly offer that?

How much?! Why should I pay for your books?!

Now I know there will be some naysayers who will argue that a) the books are overpriced, b) you can get all the information free on the internet, or c) I am only even writing them to line my own pockets. I have heard all of these criticisms before, albeit from very few and, rather tellingly, none of whom I am aware received vet school offers. I will, however, pre-emptively quell some of their concerns here so that they can go away and find someone else to bother.

Reassuringly expensive

1. Vet School is more expensive than other books on the market. That is a fact and I make no secret of it. I am a great believer in the adage “you get what you pay for” when it comes to most things. Knowledge and advice is one such ‘product’ where value is crucially important. Why are students prepared to pay more to attend the Harvards and the Oxbridges of this world? Because the quality of the teaching and the ‘product’ that is being paid for is better than that available on Main Street. I am fiercely proud of Vet School and the quality of the advice provided. I know without hesitation that my books are better than any other vet career guides on the market and are therefore worth more than the others. The fact that I am told consistently by readers that I should, and could, charge more than I do for the books serves to reinforce this viewpoint. I know that for some of you paying more than the going rate is not something you feel comfortable with, and that is fine. There are other books available and I wish you all the very best with your personal journeys. Many of you, however, are savvy enough to recognise real value when you see it and will, I am confident, make the shrewd investment – for that is what it is – in purchasing Vet School and giving yourselves the very best start to your vet school quest.

Limited Numbers of Copies

As a minnow in the publishing world, the number of copies of Vet School that are even available is actually very small. This pushes up printing costs, which is another reason for why Vet School is more expensive than other guides. It does also mean that your copy of Vet School is relatively exclusive and previous editions have become somewhat collectible, with many people actually coming back and ‘adding to their collections’ with each new edition. I like quality and so vowed to print my books at a high spec, meaning that the book you read is clearly one that feels as premium as the information contained within it. I personally detest books that are printed on cheap, thin, rubbish paper and so my books are printed on quality paper – go ahead, compare Vet School to other books and see for yourself.

Sure, you can find any information for free

2. Some of what I cover in Vet School, parts One and Two, is indeed there to be found free of charge on the internet. In fact, it can be argued that any and all information is out there if you a) have the time, and b) the inclination to go searching for it. Why then do we still choose to pay for information and why is it a great idea to get Vet School? Well, the simple truths are that you are paying for the fact that someone with a wealth of knowledge and experience – an expert if you will – has taken the time and effort to collate, process and present all of the most pertinent and useful information available in one easily accessed place and format, meaning that you can feel confidence in the advice you’re receiving and only have to look in one place for it. Simple. You also know that what is written in Vet School is reliable and accurate. It is not faceless info and I have a personal interest in ensuring that you receive the best advice available – I want you to succeed. The random bit of advice or information that you might stumble across on some anonymous website or forum, from an unknown source, may be free but what could be the real cost of acting on it alone? Again, it comes down to a value call and is one that you have to feel confident in yourself.

Any expert does what they do because they believe passionately in their chosen pursuit – I am passionate about ensuring prospective vets have the very best advice and guidance available, something that was not available when I applied, and so this is the main factor that drives me in writing Vet School. I do, however, also wish to make a return from my huge investment in terms of time, professional energy and personal risk (I pay for all of the printing, website and marketing costs) and so need to charge for my work, as any other expert does. If I am to continue to do what I do and make Vet School available as the very best guide there is then it has to provide a return. By purchasing Vet School you are offering me a vote of confidence in my ability as someone to bring you the best advice and information there is and to offer it to you in a form that is attractive, easily accessed and useful from the minute you start reading.

No ‘Get Rich Quick’ Scheme

3. I have been writing Vet School in one form or another for six years, in addition to lecturing and advising scores of students on vet school and applications. The honest truth is that I have made virtually nothing from the books to date, with any profits actually having been ploughed back in to publish other books, such as the Med School and Psychology guides, which I published with my former business. You may imagine that Vet School has bankrolled a lavish lifestyle featuring sports cars and expensive holidays. Not so. I work as a vet and, truth be told, if I were to do the maths and calculate how much the book pays me per hour that I work on it, both before and after publication, I daresay I would be better off, financially speaking, to simply work more hours as a vet in practice than to write. So it’s clearly not about the money for me. Like many entrepreneurs I enjoy what I do and it is the pleasure in doing a great job and seeing my efforts result in positive results for you, my customers, that drives me. Obviously, if I can make a return from my efforts then that’s a great bonus but it isn’t the tail that wags the dog. If any of you are still convinced that I am sitting atop a mound of gold then I will happily send you a copy of my latest student loan statement, which makes for rather sobering reading 🙂

A Collaborative Experience

Vet School is a pleasure to write, in large part due to the fact I get to meet and work with some incredible contributors, all of whom have provided profiles and content to make Vet School the premier guide out there. The best way to learn and emulate those you aspire to become like is to hear their stories and benefit from their experiences and advice. That is exactly what I always wanted Vet School to do and is something that I know it does. Many students who were sat just where you are now, contemplating the purchase of a little known book by a little known vet a few years ago now feature in these new editions, having benefited from the advice and insights offered and choosing to generously return to offer the next generation the value of their experiences. I am sure that many of you will choose to do the same and I personally look forward to working with you on the next edition.

Step by Step

So, what does Vet School actually offer? The main thing that Vet School achieves is to offer a great overview of what it is to actually enter the veterinary profession. What are the truths about being a vet? What does a vet actually do? What are the career options? What are the perks and the downsides of being a member of the veterinary profession? What will you get paid? Every question that you are likely to have will be answered in the two books. Once you are satisfied that vet school is for you, we then explore, in the order in which things will happen, the application process and the stages that you will need to go through in order to win that place at university to study to be a vet.

Everything from what types of work experience placement you should be doing, to how to actually book them, right through to choosing which vet schools to apply to, how to write the very best personal statement you can, including a real-life example statement which led to the student who wrote it receiving offers from vet schools, all the way through to interviews and beyond. The interview chapter alone, which opens Part Two and covers nearly 100 pages, is more comprehensive a guide to vet school interviews than you will get anywhere else. With over fifty pages of example interview questions, if you don’t feel prepared for your interviews after reading Vet School then there’s not much more that can be done to help you do so. I have often been told that this one chapter, which has had to be edited right down in previous editions, is worth the price of the book alone! And you know what, I agree – it is!

Check out the sample pages for yourself and if you like what you read and feel like making a great investment in your future then go for it – getting your own copies of Vet School: Parts One and Two is super simple.

Thanks for taking the time to listen to me and for supporting Vet School. All the very best with your own Vet School Success and whether you choose to buy Vet School or not be sure to keep in touch, whether through the Facebook page, Twitter or website, and good luck.

Yours in nerdiness and vettiness

Chris Nerdy VetChris (The Nerdy Vet) Shivelton Queen

BSc BVSc MRCVS

Vet News – Equine News

Vet NewsPippa goes on the hunt for more interesting equine articles, and this month gives us the lowdown on a serious disease for horses: Strangles.

EQUINE:

Strangles

Equine Editor, Pippa LyonsPippa Lyon (Vet News Equine Editor)

 

 

 

According to Redwings; the UK’s largest horse sanctuary, Strangles in on the rise with a fifth of horses admitted in 2012 testing positive for the disease. Numbers are expected to continue rising due to an increase in horse movement and many horses being sold at horse sales which are ideal conditions for the disease to spread.

equine strangles, foalStrangles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by bacteria. The bacteria affect the lymph nodes causing the clinical signs such as: Loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, high temperature, nasal discharge and swelling of the throat area as seen in the image. The bacteria are spread between horses by direct contact with contaminated food, water, equipment or people’s hands/clothing. Horses who are young, sick or who travel a lot are more at risk at contracted the disease due to the way it spreads.

The disease is not usually fatal if treated, after diagnoses most horses make a full recovery with an intensive nursing regime in 2-5 days. However, if left untreated abscesses can form which can crush the windpipe or rupture which can prove fatal.

The key to conquering strangles is to know the signs and immediately isolate any horse which you suspect may have the disease. A vet will perform a physical examination by sampling discharge or taking a throat swab, the bacteria can then be identified and a diagnosis made.

Redwings have released a free information pack entitled “Strangles: Speak out!” which you can request by emailing welfare@redwings.co.uk

References

http://www.equine-world.co.uk/news_read.asp?id=1964&title=Horse%20Sanctuary%20Says%20Speak%20Out%20About%20Strangles#.USkF1qWpW8A

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/supervets/documents/equine/strangles.pdf

https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&rlz=1C2TEUA_enGB465GB465&q=strangles&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.42768644,d.d2k&biw=1241&bih=584&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=iAgpUZrrOqiO0AWfsIHICQ#imgrc=o4IHoVt-nLFi7M%3A%3BMz86MVv_vuvtGM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.equine-strangles.co.uk%252Fimages%252FStrangles_enlarged_lymph_nodes.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.equine-strangles.co.uk%252FTreatment.asp%3B200%3B200

Vet News – Small Animal News

Vet NewsWe have a NEW member of the Vet News Editorial Team in the form of Harriet Woodhall, who has taken on the mantle of covering articles of interest in the small animal sphere. So, big welcome to you Harriet and thank you for your first article, which this month is on Canine Diabetes Mellitus.

 

But before we start….. an intro 🙂

Vet News, Small Animal Editor, Harriet WoodhallHarriet Woodhall

I’m 17 and will be applying for Vet School in September. I live just outside Cambridge along with two (adorable) black Labradors and some chickens. Aside from researching and studying I’m very interested in the conservation of wild species and enjoy playing piano.

 

SMALL ANIMAL:

Canine Diabetes Mellitus

Harriet Woodhall (Vet News Small Animal Editor)

It is estimated that approximately 1 in 500 dogs develop diabetes and although there are certain breeds that are more susceptible, (Golden Retrievers, Keeshond and Poodles being just a few), all breeds of dog can be affected, most often when middle aged or older.

The disease is caused by inadequate/complete lack of insulin from islet cells in the pancreas. Insulin is the hormone responsible for controlling the concentrations of glucose in the blood – this is achieved by preventing glucose production in the liver and making sure that excess glucose is put into storage.

Common signs of diabetes mellitus include polyuria (production of too much dilute urine), polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyphagia (losing weight despite increase appetite). Cataracts are also often seen in diabetic dogs due to increased glucose levels. Along with the clinical signs, hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar levels) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine) are often enough of an indication for diagnosis. Diabetes is best diagnosed early, as when left untreated serious secondary complications can arise such as diabetes ketoacidosis.

Dog having temperature taken from earLike humans, dogs can have insulin therapy, most having two insulin injections a day. Bitches should be spayed, as the hormone progesterone produced by the ovaries has a negative influence on insulin. In combination with injections it is recommended to have diet, exercise and weight control. For dogs, a diet high in fibre and complex carbohydrates is suggested, so glucose is more easily controlled and released more slowly.

Researchers in Barcelona have recently been able to cure diabetes in Beagles with gene therapy. The Beagles were given two extra genes which work together to reduce hyperglycaemia. One gene produces the insulin needed and the other produces an enzyme called Glucokinase, responsible for regulating the uptake amount of glucose from the blood. The genes are transferred by adeno-associated vectors, also a new technology. Using a non-pathogenic virus, the genes can be injected into the hind legs of the dog in a single session.

As the first successful study of its kind, there will need to be more evidence using a larger test sample. However, it seems the future use of gene therapy could provide a more effective and practical method of controlling diabetes in dogs

 

References:

http://www.pet-diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-mellitus-dogs.asp

http://www.diabetes.co.uk/info/DogsWithDiabetes.html

http://www.caninsulin.co.uk/

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23163-gene-therapy-cures-diabetic-dogs.html

http://www.caninediabetes.org/caninediabetespg.html

Callejas D, Mann CJ, Ayuso E, Lage R, Grifoll I, Roca C, Andaluz A, Ruiz-de Gopegui R, Montane J, Munoz S, Ferre T, Haurigot V, Zhou S, Ruberte J, Mingozzi F, High K, Garcia F, Bosch F. Treatment of Diabetes and Long-term Survival Following Insulin and Glucokinase Gene Therapy.

(Picture: http://www.ccrnatacna.org/diabetes-mellitus-in-dogs-92.html)

Vet News – Farm News

Vet NewsEls has taken a really interesting look this month at the news surrounding a new PCR test available to aid large animal vets in their important work.

FARMING:

New PCR Test available for bovine mycoplasma

 Farm Editor, Els de VrijerEls de Vrijer (Vet News Farm Animal Editor)

Bovine mycoplasma is a bacterial infection that is responsible for several diseases in the cow. Although it mainly causes respiratory disease, it can also be responsible for abortions, mastitis and arthritis. Clearly, this leads to huge economical losses within the dairy industry: €500 million per year in the European dairy industry alone. The disease is a tricky one to conquer. It is hard to diagnose due to its inconsistent gene expression and varying response to treatment. M. bovis is also very similar to another bacterium, m. agalactiae, varying by only 8 nucleotides in its genetic makeup.  It is also incredibly slow and difficult to culture, and treatment with antibiotics is not cost-effective. Therefore, the main means of controlling the disease lies with prevention. Recently, a new PCR test for m. bovis has become available, making the future for the control of the disease much brighter.

PCR testing is a method of copying fragments of DNA, which can then be used to locate the presence of a pathogen in an organism. Firstly, the DNA strand is separated using a thermocycler at a high temperature. The mixture is then cooled and sequences of nucleotides that have complementary bases to each end of the DNA fragment that needs to be copied, called ‘primers’ are attached. These provide a starting sequence for the copying of DNA. Then, the temperature is increased to around 72°C to provide the optimum temperature for DNA polymerase to work at. This adds other nucleotides to the DNA sequence, thereby copying the DNA. In a short amount of time, several copies of the DNA can be made. These can then be compared to the DNA of the bacterium to see whether it is present. It is a rapid and efficient method of pin pointing the disease – this particular test takes only 2.5 hours before the results are ready. “The improved sensitivity of this new test means that veterinarians will be able to monitor dairy herds for sub-clinical infection using samples from the bulk tank,” said Eric Sellal, Head of Animal Health EMEA at Life Technologies.The scientists have improved upon the previous test by locating a new target gene on the mycoplasma bovis genome, which is clearer to locate.

Hopefully, this new test will provide veterinarians with a tool for quickly locating this pathogen and preventing its rapid spread throughout the herd.

 

 

References:

www.mrcvs.co.uk

www.microbewiki.kenyon.edu

https://www.addl.purdue.edu/newsletters/2004/fall/mycoplasma.htm

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0750.x/full

AQA Biology A2 textbook – Glen Toole and Susan Toole (Nelson Thornes)

Vet News – Farm News

Vet NewsEmma’s article this month is on the concerns that the Schmallenberg virus may be present in wild animal populations, acting as a reservoir for the important infection.

FARMING:

Scientists believe that SBV may affect wild animals

Emma Plowright (Vet News Farm Animal Editor)

Scientists in Europe are concerned that wild animals may be acting as a ‘reservoir’ for the midge-bourne Schmallenberg virus (SBV) which has been detected on nearly 1,000 farms in England and Wales.

A team from the Universite de Liege in Belgium who have been monitoring the disease in wildlife have noted that it can also affect roe deer and red deer. One member of the team has called for “specific surveillance of wild animals for SBV”

If pregnant ewes are infected, the virus causes deformities and neurological abnormalities in. An expert at the University of Nottingham has stated that although we can confirm that deer get the disease, it is not currently known how they will be affected.  The placental structure of a deer differs from that of cows and sheep meaning that, at present, it is not known if the virus can cross the placenta.

SBV has a huge economic impact and figures from the University of Nottingham show that some farms are suffering up to 30% losses; this can have a devastating effect on farmers’ livelihoods. Professor Trevor Drew of the UK government’s Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency spoke recently of the difficulties in trying to control the disease: it is midge Bourne and “It is just impossible to control midges across an area the size of Europe”

Alick Simmons, the UK’s chief veterinary officer, has stated that he believes the disease “will either through vaccination or through natural spread become less of a problem over time”, adding that several vaccines are currently being developed. He also pointed out that some areas which were affected by the virus last year were not affected so severely this year.

 

References:

http://mrcvs.co.uk/en/news-story.php?id=9178

http://www.farmersguardian.com/home/hot-topics/schmallenberg-virus/schmallenberg-has-infected-majority-of-english-and-welsh-farms/52237.article

http://www.farmersguardian.com/home/hot-topics/schmallenberg-virus/farmers-warned-of-schmallenberg-effects/52227.article

Work Experience – How do you get placements?

Farm vet, bannerOkay, so you know WHY you need work experience in order to apply to vet school, you know WHAT placements you should be looking to get, but the big question that is likely forming in your minds right now is HOW to go about actually getting said placements.

Applying for and successfully booking work experience is not rocket science – trust me. However, it does require a high level of organisation, forethought, planning, targeting, meticulous attention to detail and, most important of all, follow-through.

Ok, so from the top:

Organisation, Forethought & Planning

The first thing you should do is have some idea of the breadth and type of placements that you want to complete as a minimum. You can find details of what constitutes this minimum in the earlier work experience post, or in the book. Once you know WHAT you need to achieve, the next step is to sit down and work out how much TIME you have available in which to fit in work experience. If you’re starting nice and early and have a few years in which to gradually build up experience with animals and vets then great. However, many of you will have decided you want to be vets either around the time of your GCSEs (or equivalent) or A-levels (or equivalent), and so many only have a finite number of school holidays in which to fit placements around your other commitments. This is why planning how much time you have available is important, as it enables you to identify the really important placements and focus your maximum efforts on securing them.

Ok, so lets say you have a total of 10 week’s vacation time before applying and you know you need to get at least two weeks at a small animal vets and a week on a dairy farm, what next?

 

Targeting

Where do you want to do your various placements? You may have no idea, and that’s fine, but you will need to draw up a list of places to apply to and know why it is you want to do so. There is little point applying a scatter gun, one-size fits all, generic model to applying to placements, as it is less likely to work and will probably just see your email or letter land in the bin. Do a little bit of research on the businesses and establishments that you are planning on applying to, taking note of who it is that you need to address when applying to do placements – many vets, for example, will have a dedicated member of staff assigned to placement requests so a letter or email directed personally at that person would be a smart move.

If it’s not clear from their website, assuming they have one (many farms, for example, would be unlikely to have a web presence) then jot down their phone number and put in a polite call to ask a) whether they take students and b) if they do, who to address a request to, ensuring that you check any non-obvious spellings of names. One key piece of advice here is DO IT YOURSELF. I personally hate it when parents come in asking about work experience for their sons and daughters. Those same young people wish to be veterinary professionals and so will be expected to interact with people on a daily basis. Why not start that process of development now – you’ll get far more attention and kudos by being the one to pick up the phone or write the letter. Trust me.

 

Attention to Detail

You now have a comprehensive list of target placements (do yourself a favour and don’t pile all of your eggs into one basket – apply to several of the same type of placement so that there is a better chance of success with one) and know who to address your email or, preferably, letter. Now comes the slightly dull part: writing them. As stressed before, don’t just write one generic, catch-all letter and fire it out to everyone. It just screams “couldn’t be arsed,” and usually winds up in the bin. Obviously include all the key info on all of them, such as your name, address and other contact information, what stage you are at school, and which dates you are actually available for any placements they can offer. Open the correspondence with ‘Dear [name of the key contact you researched for that placement]’ and introduce yourself. If you have any personal connection with the establishment, such as your pet is treated there, then it can make a nice, personable opening sentence to a letter, but is not essential. State very clearly, but politely, that you are intending to apply to vet school (this is important as it will differentiate you from the applications they will undoubtedly receive from vet nursing candidates and other, general animal experience students. Give some indication of any previous relevant experience, and then state what it is you want (eg I am looking to book a placement with you for two weeks, either continuously or over the course of more than one placement) and the options for when you are free. These two steps are important as they a) enable the person reading the letter to decide straightaway if they can even consider your request, and b) whether they have any free slots on the dates given. Simply saying “I would like some work experience,” tells nobody anything and unless the person reading is particularly generous and hasn’t got much else to do with their time than come back to you with a range of options, it is likely to be too much like hard work to bother with.

Close your letter with a simple thank you in advance, and by saying that you look forward to speaking with them soon. There will be no surprise on their part then when you follow-up your letter or email a few days later.

End your request with a polite sign-off (eg yours sincerely), sign your name and type your full name at the bottom.

Proof read what you have written, thus ensuring any spelling errors are detected and corrected, and that the information, including the addressee is correct. Now, you can send 🙂

Wait. Wait some more. Probably wait longer than you’d like.

It sucks but it has to be done.

 

Follow-through

This isn’t a description of a good golf swing, but rather the oft ignored practice of following-up on previous correspondence. People are busy and it is not their job to remember to get back to you and make your desires a reality. The simple truth is that most of the time they will have had good intentions of replying to you but life and the busy professional nature of their work simply intrudes and distracts them, resulting in your request inevitably getting pushed further down the priority list.

A simple, polite follow-up email or, preferably, call to the person anything from 3-7 days after they would be expected to receive your letter/ email (remember to allow postal time for letters) is perfectly acceptable and will likely just prompt them to give you the answer you’re longing to hear there and then, or at least a commitment to get back to you asap. Try and time your call wisely though, in order to avoid bothering them when they’re likely to be at their most stretched. That means calling on a Monday morning or Friday afternoon is probably not the best times. Needless to say, if the answer is that they will get back to you and you don’t hear anything for another week, then there is no rule against following-up as many times as is needed. Basically, follow-up until you either get a yay or a nay.

ps: if you get a “no” then politely ask why (if it’s something you can change then you’ll be better placed to do so) and if they could suggest anyone else to try (a personal recommendation/ referral tends to be more successful than a random, cold call).

 

Some Tips for letter and email writing:

  1. Ensure spelling (especially the name of the addressee) and grammar are correct. If unsure then ask someone to proof-read it for you.
  2. Try and limit any requests to no more than a single side of A4. Any longer and a busy person is unlikely to bother reading till the end.
  3. Use an easy to read, clear font and make it a decent size (11 or 12 is fine). Again, if they have to pull out the microscope to read your letter, the chances are that they won’t bother.
  4. Expect to send out lots and receive very few, if any, positive responses. The competition for decent placements is fierce and it sometimes just comes down to playing the numbers game. With perseverance and application of good methods there is no reason why you won’t be the one who comes out on top though.

Good luck 🙂

For the LOVE of your….CAREER

Monkey with a heart

Monkey Loves You

Okay, so it’s Valentine’s Day again and some of you may be all loved up, excitedly giving and receiving cards and heading off out with that special someone in your life. If you are not one of the loved up then no worries…. Monkey loves you!

In fact, he is so head over heels with you that he wants to go out on a limb and give you a pretty awesome gift to mark the monumental nature of his Monkey love.

Monkey knows how much you love your career and how important it is to maximise your chances of being super well informed and prepared for the journey towards Vet School that you have ahead of you.

With this in mind, he had a quiet little word with Chris to bring you this VALENTINES OFFER, which is ONLY VALID for the 24HOURS over VALENTINES DAY (14th Feb)

Okay, okay, that’s cool, but what’s the dealio?

Here’s what Monkey has for you, his special people, on this special day:

  • A Cherubic discount of 14% off Chris’ current book, Vet School Success

  • A personalised message from Chris (The Nerdy Vet) AND/ OR Monkey himself

(just state if you want a message, from whom and if there is something specific you want the message to say, including who it is for, in the comments section of the order form on the website cart.)

  • Monkey’s Undying and Enduring Love

 

Monkey is all about codes so if you want to accept his Valentines advances then head to the Vet School Success website, add a copy of the Vet School Success book to your cart and use the discount code CUPID to apply the discount.

IMPORTANT: Please enter the code exactly as it is below, ie using CAPS, as lower case codes won’t work.

CUPID

(only valid for 24 hours)

nb: Chris is heading off to live in Dubai on Saturday so he will be spending Friday writing out Monkey’s personalised messages (in between frantically packing!)

Work Experience – How to get the best from placements

With the half-term break upon us and many of you either busy arranging work experience placements for the next break or currently on one as we speak, I thought I’d delve into the chapter on Work Experience from the brand NEW Vet School book that I am currently finishing, in order to bring you some helpful advice on how to get the very best from your placements…

 

During placements

There is nothing more aggravating to a vet, or any other placement provider, than having students present who clearly do not wish to be there. I have worked in clinics when we have had work experience students who couldn’t be less interested and it ends up being more work trying to enthuse and share insights and knowledge with them. Thankfully, the vast majority of you are not like this as you are genuinely motivated to become vets and learn from your experiences. That would be the key message here: show an interest. Even if you find some aspects of the placement dull, frustrating, or unsavoury – and you will, especially when asked to help with dirty jobs such as cleaning up muck – remember the end goal and show willing. If we can see that you’re keen then we’re far more likely to put in an effort to explain things to you, get you involved in cases and, ultimately, offer you a unique insight into the profession. There are, however, some limits, which it is a good idea to just bear in mind. The following applies specifically to small animal practice, but the same principles can easily be applied to all placements:

DO:

  1. Show willing and enthusiasm – it’s guaranteed to result in a far more enjoyable and interesting placement.
  2. Ask questions – there is no such thing as a stupid question and if you find yourself wondering about something that you’re watching or have heard, then ask, assuming it is appropriate to do so at the time (see below).
  3. Listen to instructions and follow them – you will be given a briefing during your placement, including Health & Safety information. Yes, its all achingly dull but is important so take it in, as it is ultimately for your safety and means that the profession can continue to offer work experience. You may not get to do as much animal handling as you’d perhaps expect, mainly due to insurance concerns and the risk of injury such as bites. If you are clearly sensible and build a good level of trust with the vets and nurses, however, then you will be given more opportunities to get involved practically, so be guided by the staff and if in doubt ask before doing something.
  4. Be polite and your usual charming self – we know you’re a good sort because you took the initiative to organise the placement. Just relax and be yourself. After all, we really don’t bite and the vast majority of us like having students around.
  5. Ask for a reference either at, or just before, the end of the placement – character references are a good way of keeping a record of your experience, having an official statement of how nice, competent and suitable for vet school you are, and can be useful when it comes to interviews or completing work experience questionnaires. It is always better to ask for this to be done whilst you are still present as whoever writes the reference will a) know who you are, compared to if you ask in six month’s time by which point several other students may have passed through the clinic; b) have formed a good, strong opinion of you and thus be able to write a far more personal and enthusiastic reference than they would if they were having to dredge their memories back up; and c) you will have the reference safely in your possession, avoiding the need to go back round placements trying to collect them up when you suddenly decide you would need them.

 

DON’T:

  1. Turn up late or skulk off early – think of yourself as an employee during your time at a placement. An employer wouldn’t be impressed by such practices so don’t think that it’s okay just because it’s work experience.
  2. Become over-cocky or stray beyond boundaries set – some students are clearly more confident than others, which is no bad thing. The potential issue arises when that confidence strays into the realms of being cocky and too familiar with the placement and staff, resulting in decisions being made which are not sensible or appropriate to make. Remember that as a work-experience student you are a guest of the provider and so wouldn’t be expected to take it upon yourself to get animals out, handle them, walk in on operations or consults, or talk in consults unless invited to do so. That doesn’t mean you can’t be pleasant to clients and greet them when they enter, or respond to questions and conversation that they may direct at you. Rather, it is just a polite reminder to remember that the vet is the one running the show and it can be construed as rude to be seen to over-stepping the line if the vet finds you talking over them, interrupting, or otherwise disrupting their ability to do the job. Its really just a simple case of using your judgement.
  3. Discuss or disclose any information about clients or their animals outside of the placement – by being invited in to see practice, you are being given privileged access to confidential information about cases, and clients. It should be needless to say that none of this should be discussed outside of the placement, in exactly the same way that you would be really ticked off if you discovered people talking about your private medical history. Again, needless to say but be careful about inadvertently disclosing private information on social networks, blogs and the like. The vet schools take ‘Fitness To Practice’ very seriously and your status as a suitable future veterinary professional would be called into question if it were discovered that you were not shown to be trustworthy.

 

Its never a bad idea to take in cake on your last day – vets, and indeed any work experience provider, are suckers for such things and you’ll well and truly cement your status as ‘The Best Work Experience Student Ever’ by doing so. Some call it creeping, I just call it a nice thing to do. If that’s not your style then no worries – it’s not compulsory 🙂

After placements

The main things to do after a work-experience placement are: a) thank the placement, by sending a card or a letter, for example, and b) remembering to follow-up on a request for a reference, if you were not able to obtain one before the end of the placement. The sooner you can get your hands on a reference then the better, as the longer it is left, the greater the chances are of either not receiving one at all or it being bland, generic and basically written for anyone and everyone.

If you are keen to do further experience at a specific placement, then making them aware of this as soon after finishing as you can is a sensible idea. Many students find themselves able to book further placements or agree a long-term work-experience arrangement, such as coming in to help on Saturdays. This is one of those times when the saying “if you don’t ask, then you don’t get” is very apt.

Keep a good, organised and clear record of the placements that you complete, including dates, locations and the main activities you undertook or interesting things that you saw. Such notes will definately come in handy when it comes to completing your applications and especially the supplementary work-experience documents that many of the vet schools ask applicants to complete.

 

Enjoy your time on placement and use it to gain as much insight into the veterinary profession as you can. Good luck 🙂

The NEW vet school in Surrey

Tonight seemed to bring the new vet school at the University of Surrey, Guildford very much to the forefront of everyone’s attention. One thing that it highlighted, however, was how little many actually know about the new school and it’s plans to start accepting applicants this year.

I recently spoke with a representative from the new school, following my visit to the main University of Surrey campus, and put some questions to them:

1. What is the anticipated annual intake for the new school? 

In year one (2014) we will have a small intake of 25 students, rising to 100 students per year in subsequent years.

 

2. Is the vet school to offer just one veterinary degree programme, and what will this be (eg BVSc), or are there plans to offer additional options, such an integrated intercalation?

Surrey already runs a BSc programme in veterinary biosciences and a MSc in veterinary microbiology. In the new School we will initially offer a veterinary medicine programme but in future years we wish to offer integrated intercalation. We will also use our clinical expertise in the school to offer a range of CPD programmes for veterinary graduates, veterinary nurses and technicians.

 

3. What will the minimum entry requirements be? (Grades, work-experience requirements) 

Our entry requirements are AAB (with A grades required in chemistry and biology).  Applicants are expected to have gained at least four weeks animal-related work experience, which could include general veterinary practice, farm, stable yard, kennels, rescue centre, research laboratory, or abattoir work.

 

4. Will there be any provisions made for widening participation, eg lower entrance requirements for eligible students?

The University runs an In2Surrey scheme which is targeted at able students with widening participation profiles, applied on a national basis and aims to support students through on-campus advice, guidance workshops on applying to university and writing personal statements.  The potential of qualifying students is recognised by making an offer one grade below the standard offer for the course the student applies for; this scheme will also be open to any future candidates entering the scheme that wishes to undertake the Veterinary Medicine programme. The University has a strong record in providing targeted bursaries and is investing more to support students from low-income backgrounds to ensure that tuition fees do not deter talented young people from considering university.  The University offers a package of bursaries and fee waivers to students to ensure they are not disadvantaged by their financial circumstances.

 

5. What teaching style is likely to be applied? Problem-based learning, or more traditional lecture based teaching?

This will be a new curriculum based on the current best teaching practices. There will therefore be a mixture of teaching styles including some traditional lectures and problem (or case) based learning, as well as an emphasis on building both clinical and research skills through hands-on practical teaching.

 

6. How will clinical teaching be delivered? Will it be via the Nottingham system whereby this is provided by commercial practices or are there plans to establish clinical facilities at the university itself? 

We will be adopting a Nottingham style delivery mode for clinical skills training; students will have the opportunity to build their skills from the start of the course in practical teaching sessions, our new clinical skills centre and through working with clinical staff at a number of associated partner practices and veterinary hospitals.

 

7. Where will students be taught? Will the full course be taught at one site, like Nottingham, or will there be two sites, like Bristol ? 

The students will be taught in a brand new School of Veterinary Medicine on campus offering state of the art facilities that will include a clinical skills centre, a surgery training suite and a learning environment that is built around the needs of the student of today and focused on using technology to enhance learning.

 

Applications for the new course can be submitted via UCAS (as with any of the other veterinary degree courses) from this September (2013) for the initial intake of just 25 students in 2014.